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一、game_functions将各个模块的功能整合起来，供主文件调用

1 # -*- coding:utf-8 -*-  2   3 import sys  4 import pygame  5 from bullets import Bullet  6 from alien import Alien  7 from pygame.sprite import Sprite  8 import time  9  10  11  12 def check_keydown_events(ai_settings, event, screen, ship, bullets): 13     '''响应按键''' 14     if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT: 15         '''更新移动标志''' 16         ship.moving_right = True 17     elif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT: 18         ship.moving_left = True 19     elif event.key == pygame.K_UP: 20         ship.moving_up = True 21     elif event.key == pygame.K_DOWN: 22         ship.moving_down = True 23     elif event.key == pygame.K_SPACE: 24         '''创建一个子弹，并将其加入到编组中，若未消失子弹数目小于设定值则发射''' 25         fire_bullets(ai_settings, bullets, screen, ship) 26     elif event.key == pygame.K_q: 27         sys.exit() 28  29  30 def check_keyup_events(event, ship): 31     '''响应松开按键''' 32     if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT: 33         ship.moving_right = False 34     elif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT: 35         ship.moving_left = False 36     elif event.key == pygame.K_UP: 37         ship.moving_up = False 38     elif event.key == pygame.K_DOWN: 39         ship.moving_down = False 40  41  42 def check_events(ai_settings, screen, ship, bullets, stats, play_button, aliens, sb): 43     '''响应按键以及鼠标事件''' 44     for event in pygame.event.get(): 45         if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:  # 对于每个按键注册为KEYDOEWN事件并判断其类型 46             check_keydown_events(ai_settings, event, screen, ship, bullets) 47         elif event.type == pygame.KEYUP: 48             check_keyup_events(event, ship) 49         elif event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN: 50             mouse_x, mouse_y = pygame.mouse.get_pos() 51             check_play_button(stats, play_button, mouse_x, mouse_y, ai_settings, screen, ship, aliens, bullets, sb) 52  53  54 def check_play_button(stats, play_button, mouse_x, mouse_y, ai_settings, screen, ship, aliens, bullets, sb): 55     '''在玩家单击play按钮且此时游戏状态为False时才开始游戏''' 56     button_clicked = play_button.rect.collidepoint(mouse_x, mouse_y) 57     if button_clicked and not stats.game_active: 58         '''重置游戏设置''' 59         ai_settings.initialize_dynamic_settings() 60  61         '''隐藏光标''' 62         pygame.mouse.set_visible(False) 63  64         '''重置游戏统计信息''' 65         stats.reset_stats() 66         stats.game_active = True 67  68         '''在点击play按钮之后清空外星人和子弹''' 69         aliens.empty() 70         bullets.empty() 71  72         '''重置记分牌图像''' 73         sb.prep_score() 74         sb.prep_level() 75         sb.prep_ships() 76  77         '''创建新外星人，并将飞船居中''' 78         create_fleet(ai_settings, screen, ship, aliens) 79         ship.center_ship() 80  81  82 def fire_bullets(ai_settings, bullets, screen, ship): 83     if len(bullets) <= ai_settings.bullet_allowed: 84         new_bullet = Bullet(ai_settings, screen, ship) 85         bullets.add(new_bullet) 86  87  88 def update_screen(ai_settings, stats, screen, ship, aliens, bullets, play_button, sb): 89     '''更新屏幕上的图像，并切换到新屏幕''' 90     screen.fill(ai_settings.bg_color) 91  92     '''在飞船和外星人后面绘制所有子弹''' 93     for bullet in bullets.sprites(): 94         bullet.draw_bullet() 95     ship.blitme() 96     aliens.draw(screen) 97  98     '''显示得分''' 99     sb.show_score()100 101     '''在游戏非活动状态时显示play按钮'''102     if not stats.game_active:103         play_button.draw_button()104 105     '''让最近的屏幕可见'''106     pygame.display.flip()107 108 109 def update_bullets(ai_settings, screen, ship, bullets, aliens, stats, sb):110     '''更新子弹位置，并删除消失的子弹'''111     bullets.update()  # 更新子弹位置112 113     '''删除消失的子弹'''114     for bullet in bullets.copy():115         if bullet.rect.bottom <= 0:116             bullets.remove(bullet)117 118     check_bullet_alien_collisions(ai_settings, screen, ship, bullets, aliens, stats, sb)119 120 121 def check_bullet_alien_collisions(ai_settings, screen, ship, bullets, aliens, stats, sb):122     '''检查是否有子弹与外星人碰撞，如果碰撞，则删除响应的外星人和子弹'''123     collisions = pygame.sprite.groupcollide(bullets, aliens, True, True)124 125     '''子弹撞到外星人时加分并更新图像，且将每个被消灭的外星人都计入分数'''126     '''字典collisions中，与外星人碰撞的子弹是键，其值为被子弹击中的外星人，遍历collisions中的值，将其中的每个外星人的分127     数都记上'''128     if collisions:129         for aliens in collisions.values():130             stats.score += ai_settings.alien_points * len(aliens)131             sb.prep_score()132         check_highest_score(stats, sb)133 134     if len(aliens) == 0:135         '''删除现有的子弹并新建一批外星人'''136         bullets.empty()137         ai_settings.increase_speed()138 139         '''提升等级'''140         stats.level += 1141         sb.prep_level()142 143         create_fleet(ai_settings, screen, ship, aliens)144 145 146 def get_number_aliens_x(ai_settings, alien_width):147     '''计算每一行可以容纳多少个外星人'''148     available_space_x = ai_settings.screen_width - 2 * alien_width149     number_aliens_x = int(available_space_x / (2 * alien_width))150     return number_aliens_x151 152 153 def create_alien(ai_settings, screen, aliens, alien_number, row_number ):154     alien = Alien(ai_settings, screen)155     alien_width = alien.rect.width156     alien.x = alien_width + 2 * alien_width * alien_number157     alien.rect.x = alien.x158     alien.rect.y = alien.rect.height + 2 * alien.rect.height * row_number159     aliens.add(alien)160 161 162 def get_number_rows(ai_settings, ship_height, alien_height):163     '''计算屏幕上能容纳多少行外星人'''164     available_y = (ai_settings.screen_height - (3 * alien_height) - ship_height)165     number_rows = int(available_y/(2 * alien_height))166     return number_rows167 168 169 def create_fleet(ai_settings, screen, ship, aliens):170     '''创建外星人群'''171     '''创建一个外星人，并计算每行能容纳多少个'''172     '''外星人间距为外星人宽'''173     alien = Alien(ai_settings, screen)174     number_aliens_x = get_number_aliens_x(ai_settings, alien.rect.width)175     number_rows = get_number_rows(ai_settings, ship.rect.height, alien.rect.height)176 177 178     '''创建第一行外星人'''179     for row_number in range(number_rows):180         for alien_number in range(number_aliens_x):181             '''创建一个外星人并将其加入当前行'''182             alien = Alien(ai_settings, screen)183             create_alien(ai_settings, screen, aliens, alien_number, row_number)184 185 186 def check_fleet_edges(ai_settings, aliens):187     '''有外星人到达边缘时采取的措施'''188     for alien in aliens.sprites():189         if alien.check_edges():190             change_fleet_direction(ai_settings, aliens)191             break192 193 194 def change_fleet_direction(ai_settings, aliens):195     '''将整群外星人下移并改变方向'''196     for alien in aliens.sprites():197         alien.rect.y += ai_settings.fleet_drop_speed198     ai_settings.fleet_direction *= -1199 200 201 def ship_hit(ai_settings, stats, screen, ship, aliens, bullets, sb):202     '''响应被外星人撞到的飞船'''203     if stats.ships_left > 0:204         '''将ships_left减1'''205         stats.ships_left -= 1206 207         '''清空外星人列表和子弹列表'''208         aliens.empty()209         bullets.empty()210         ship.center_ship()211         sb.prep_ships()212 213         '''创建一群新的外星人，并把飞船放到屏幕中央'''214         create_fleet(ai_settings, screen, ship, aliens)215 216 217         '''暂停一段时间'''218         time.sleep(0.5)219     else:220         stats.game_active = False221         pygame.mouse.set_visible(True)222 223 224 def check_aliens_bottom(ai_settings, stats, screen, ship, aliens, bullets, sb):225     '''检查是否有外星人到达底端'''226     screen_rect = screen.get_rect()227     for alien in aliens.sprites():228         if alien.rect.bottom >= screen_rect.bottom:229             '''碰到底部与碰到飞船一样处理'''230             ship_hit(ai_settings, stats, screen, ship, aliens, bullets, sb)231             break232 233 234 def update_aliens(ai_settings, stats, aliens, ship, screen, bullets, sb):235     '''更新外星人位置'''236     check_fleet_edges(ai_settings, aliens)237     aliens.update()238 239     '''检测外星人和飞船之间的碰撞，若为真，则停止游戏'''240     if pygame.sprite.spritecollide(ship, aliens, True):241        ship_hit(ai_settings, stats, screen, ship, aliens, bullets, sb)242 243     '''检查外星人是否到达屏幕底端'''244     check_aliens_bottom(ai_settings, stats, screen, ship, aliens, bullets, sb)245 246 247 def check_highest_score(stats, sb):248     '''检测是否产生了最高分'''249     if stats.score > stats.highest_score:250         stats.highest_score = stats.score251         sb.prep_highest_score()

二、记分板

1 # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- 2  3 class GameStats(): 4     '''跟踪游戏的统计信息''' 5  6     def __init__(self, ai_settings): 7         '''初始化统计信息''' 8         self.ai_settings = ai_settings 9         self.reset_stats()10         self.game_active = False11 12         '''在任何情况下都不重置游戏最高得分'''13         self.highest_score = 014 15 16     def reset_stats(self):17         '''初始化在游戏运行期间可能变化的统计信息'''18         self.ships_left = self.ai_settings.ship_limit19         self.score = 020         self.level = 1

 三、设置游戏按钮

1 # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- 2  3 import pygame.font 4  5 class Button(): 6  7     def __init__(self, ai_settings, screen, msg): 8         '''初始化按钮的属性''' 9         self.screen = screen10         self.screen_rect = screen.get_rect()11 12         '''设置按钮的其他属性'''13         self.width, self.height = 200, 5014         self.button_color = (0, 255, 0)15         self.text_color = (255, 255, 255)16         self.font = pygame.font.SysFont(None, 48)17 18         '''创建按钮的rect对象，并使其居中'''19         self.rect = pygame.Rect(0, 0 , self.width, self.height)20         self.rect.center = self.screen_rect.center21 22         '''将字符串渲染成图片'''23         self.prep_msg(msg)24 25     def prep_msg(self, msg):26         '''将msg渲染为图像，并使其在按钮上居中'''27         self.msg_image = self.font.render(msg, True, self.text_color, self.button_color)28         self.msg_image_rect = self.msg_image.get_rect()29         self.msg_image_rect.center = self.rect.center30 31     def draw_button(self):32         '''绘制一个用背景颜色填充的按钮，然后绘制文本图像'''33         pygame.draw.rect(self.screen, self.button_color, self.rect)34         self.screen.blit(self.msg_image, self.msg_image_rect)

 

游戏可能是复杂的，但分别编写其中的一些模块，会使得整个问题变得简单。